Complications
If the symptoms of altitude sickness are ignored, they can lead to life-threatening conditions affecting the brain or lungs.
High altitude cerebral oedema (HACE)
High altitude cerebral oedema (HACE) is the swelling of the brain caused by a lack of oxygen.
Symptoms of HACE:
headache
weakness
nausea and vomiting
loss of co-ordination
feeling confused
A person with HACE often doesn't realise they're ill, and may insist they're all right and want to be left alone. HACE can develop quickly over a few hours. It can be fatal if it's not treated immediately.
Treating HACE:
move down to a lower altitude immediately
take dexamethasone
give bottled oxygen, if available
Dexamethasone is a steroid medication that reduces swelling of the brain. If you can't go down immediately, dexamethasone can help relieve symptoms until it's safe to do so. You should go to hospital as soon as possible for follow-up treatment.
High altitude pulmonary oedema (HAPE)
High altitude pulmonary oedema (HAPE) is a build-up of fluid in the lungs.
Symptoms of HAPE:
blue tinge to the skin (cyanosis)
breathing difficulties, even when resting
tightness in the chest
a persistent cough, bringing up pink or white frothy liquid (sputum)
tiredness and weakness
The symptoms of HAPE can start to appear a few days after arrival at high altitude. It can be fatal if it's not treated immediately.
Treating HAPE:
move down to a lower altitude immediately
take nifedipine
give bottled oxygen, if available
The medication nifedipine helps to reduce chest tightness and ease breathing. You should go to hospital as soon as possible for follow-up treatment.